Class Diagram

In software engineering, a class diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type of static structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the system's classes, their attributes, operations (or methods), and the relationships among objects.

INTRODUCTION

The class diagram is the main building block of object oriented modelling. It is used both for general conceptual modelling of the systematics of the application, and for detailed modelling translating the models into programming code. Class diagrams can also be used for data modeling. The classes in a class diagram represent both the main objects, interactions in the application and the classes to be programmed.

A class with three sections.

In the diagram, classes are represented with boxes which contain three parts:

• The top part contains the name of the class
• The middle part contains the attributes of the class
• The bottom part gives the methods or operations the class can take or undertake

In the design of a system, a number of classes are identified and grouped together in a class diagram which helps to determine the static relations between those objects. With detailed modelling, the classes of the conceptual design are often split into a number of subclasses.

In order to further describe the behaviour of systems, these class diagrams can be complemented by state diagram or UML state machine.

(Jeffrey L. Whitten et al 2004:432) 

Class diagram is a graphic picture of a static object structure of a system, showing object classes that make up a system and also the relationship between object classes.

Class diagram is used to show some class and package diagrams that exist in the system or software that we use. Class diagram gives us a picture (static diagram) of the system or software and the relationship that is in it.

Elements-elements relevant in modeling UML class diagram consists of :

• Classes
• Class structure
• Class behavior
• Association
• Aggregation
• Dependency
• Derivatives relations
• Diversity and navigation indicators
• Role / Task name

Class diagram symbols :

• Class

Class is a block - a block object. A class-oriented programming is described as a box that is divided into 3 sections. The upper part is a part of the class name. Defines the center of the property or attribute class. The final section defines the method of the class.

Association

Class diagram example of association between two classes

An association represents a family of links. Binary associations (with two ends) are normally represented as a line. An association can be named, and the ends of an association can be adorned with role names, ownership indicators, multiplicity, visibility, and other properties.

There are four different types of association: bi-directional, uni-directional, Aggregation (includes Composition aggregation) and Reflexive. Bi-directional and uni-directional associations are the most common ones.

For instance, a flight class is associated with a plane class bi-directionally. Association represents the static relationship shared among the objects of two classes. Example: "department offers courses", is an association relation.

Aggregation

Class diagram showing Aggregation between two classes

Aggregation is a variant of the "has a" association relationship; aggregation is more specific than association. It is an association that represents a part-whole or part-of relationship. As a type of association, an aggregation can be named and have the same adornments that an association can. However, an aggregation may not involve more than two classes.

Aggregation can occur when a class is a collection or container of other classes, but where the contained classes do not have a stronglife cycle dependency on the container—essentially, if the container is destroyed, its contents are not.

In UML, it is graphically represented as a hollow diamond shape on the containing class end of the tree with a single line that connects the contained class to the containing class. The aggregate is semantically an extended object that is treated as a unit in many operations, although physically it is made of several lesser objects.

Composition

Class diagram showing Composition between two classes at top and Aggregation between two classes at bottom

Composition is a stronger variant of the "owns a" association relationship; composition is more specific than aggregation.

Composition usually has a strong life cycle dependency between instances of the container class and instances of the contained class(es): If the container is destroyed, normally every instance that it contains is destroyed as well. (Note that, where allowed, a part can be removed from a composite before the composite is deleted, and thus not be deleted as part of the composite.)

The UML graphical representation of a composition relationship is a filled diamond shape on the containing class end of the tree of lines that connect contained class(es) to the containing class.

Differences between composition and aggregation

When attempting to represent real-world whole-part relationships, e.g., an engine is a part of a car, the composition relationship is most appropriate. However, when representing a software or database relationship, e.g., car model engine ENG01 is part of a car model CM01, an aggregation relationship is best, as the engine, ENG01 may be also part of a different car model. Thus the aggregation relationship is often called "catalog" containment to distinguish it from composition's "physical" containment.

The whole of a composition must have a multiplicity of 0..1 or 1, indicating that a part must belong to only one whole; the part may have any multiplicity. For example, consider University and Department classes. A department belongs to only one university, so University has multiplicity 1 in the relationship. A university can (and will likely) have multiple departments, so Department has multiplicity 1..*.

Class level relationships

Generalization

Class diagram showing generalization between one superclass and two subclasses

The Generalization relationship ("is a") indicates that one of the two related classes (the subclass) is considered to be a specialized form of the other (the super type) and superclass is considered as 'Generalization' of subclass. In practice, this means that any instance of the subtype is also an instance of the superclass. An exemplary tree of generalizations of this form is found in binomial nomenclature:human beings are a subclass of simian, which are a subclass of mammal, and so on. The relationship is most easily understood by the phrase 'an A is a B' (a human is a mammal, a mammal is an animal).

The UML graphical representation of a Generalization is a hollow triangle shape on the superclass end of the line (or tree of lines) that connects it to one or more subtypes.

The generalization relationship is also known as the inheritance or "is a" relationship.

The superclass (base class) in the generalization relationship is also known as the "parent", superclass, base class, or base type.

The subtype in the specialization relationship is also known as the "child", subclass, derived class, derived type, inheriting class, or inheriting type.

Note that this relationship bears no resemblance to the biological parent/child relationship: the use of these terms is extremely common, but can be misleading.

• Generalization-Specialization relationship

A is a type of B

E. g. "an oak is a type of tree", "an automobile is a type of vehicle"

Generalization can only be shown on class diagrams and on Use Case Diagrams.

Realization

In UML modelling, a realization relationship is a relationship between two model elements, in which one model element (the client) realizes (implements or executes) the behavior that the other model element (the supplier) specifies.

The UML graphical representation of a Realization is a hollow triangle shape on the interface end of the dashed line (or tree of lines) that connects it to one or more implementers. A plain arrow head is used on the interface end of the dashed line that connects it to its users. In component diagrams, the ball-and-socket graphic convention is used (implementors expose a ball or lollipop, while users show a socket).

Realizations can only be shown on class or component diagrams.

A realization is a relationship between classes, interfaces, components, and packages that connects a client element with a supplier element. A realization relationship between classes and interfaces and between components and interfaces shows that the class realizes the operations offered by the interface.

In the class diagram is formed, there is a class 5 object. As for the class that is formed is manage profile, manage posts, manage comments, manage templates, and moneytize blog. Each class has a method that can be used to communicate in the implementation phase. As for the methods that are owned respectively - each class as follows:

Manage Profile (add_profile, edit_profile)

id_profile, nama_profile, email, set_idprofile, set_namaadmin, get_namaadmin

Manage Post (add_post, edit_post, delete_post, view_post)

isi_post, tgl_post, panjang_isipost, set_isipost, get_isipost, set_tglpost, get_tglpost

Manage Template Blog (edit, cadangkan, pulihkan)

isi_html, set_isihtml, get_isihtml

Manage Comment (addcomment, viewcomment)

isi_comment, tgl_comment, panjang_isicomment, emal, set_isicomment, get_isicomment, set_tglcomment, get_tglcomment

Moneytize Blog (approveiklan)

id_iklan, email, isi_iklan, tgl_iklan, get_idiklan, set_isiiklan, get_isiiklan, set_tgliklan, get_tgliklan

UseCase Diagram

Use case is the circuit or description of a group of inter-related and form a system of regularly conducted or supervised by an actor. Use case are used to establish behavior of objects or things in a model and in realized by a collaboration. General use case is described by an ellipse with a solid line, usually containing of name .Use case describes the process of the system (system requirements from the user perspective).

In general use case is :

• Patterns of system behavior
• Sequence of related transactions performed by an actor

Use case diagram consists of :

• Use case
• Actors
• Relationship
• System boundary boxes (optional)
• Packages (optional)

Here is how to draw a use-case diagram:

Note:

Before making use-case diagram, you should start by making FDD first. This is just to help identify the processes in the system.

1. Start by registering actor associated with the Use-case, both the sender and receiver.
2. The components in a use-case diagram is a Use-Case Name, Description Use-case and participating actors and roles.
3.  Find demonstrating dependency semantic relations between two Use-case. If the Use-case "A" change can result in Use-case "B" will change as well.

There are 2 kinds of dependencies that need to be considered which include and extend

The following is an illustrative tool for use case diagram :

         

               I will explain the usecase blog that I have made . actors such as the user has some usecase usecase manage profile , manage usecase posting articles , and usecase manage layout . I will first explain the usecase manage profile , in usecase manage their own profile will produce a feature or have the following attributes that delete profile , update profile , add profile , edit profile and its generalizations will eventually connect to the usecase manage profile . The second I will explain usecase manage post articles . actor usecase manage user has posted an article , post articles manage itself has an attribute that is added post articles attachments , delete articles posting , updating post articles , and edit their own generalizations posting articles that will link to usecase manage post articles . The third I will explain about the usecase manage layout . Here usecase manage layout has some added attributes like layout , change the theme , add photos and generalizations will eventually connect to the usecase manage layout . of the third usecase of usecase manage profile , manage usecase posting articles , and usecase manage layout . The third act will not be done if it has not logon . and to usecase wrong email or password alone will not be able to logon when the user enter email actor or password wrong and must enter his or her email and password reset . and at its end would associate logon to the blog admin . which may be useful for reading this article and apologize for the content of this article contained an error :)

Eco Green Park Malang

There are various ways to grow in love of the environment in children. One of them is through the introduction. That is our goal as a family to visit Eco Green Park, which is located in East Java Park 2, Batu, Malang, still one area to the Secret Zoo. The children are still toddlers, but fill their memory with positive values ​​like love the earth and everything in it can be attached to living beings into adulthood. Later, if they are a little big, it can clearly remember, I am definitely here again invited to let more and love of nature.

Fit the tag, fun and study, Eco Green Park (EGP) presents a natural adventure fun but also educational. Natural atmosphere immediately felt upon entering this area, there are mini rice fields, a large koi pond in front, and behind it there are miniature temples in Indonesia, which is funny, there are "robots" in the rocks modern temples.

Next, we entered the vehicle Walking Bird. Walked down the wooden bridge on the sides there are many kinds of birds that can not fly. Not only up there, there is also a large cage contains certain birds eg World of Parrot, World of Pheasant, Duck and Bird Market Kingdom for those who want to buy a bird to take home. We can also take pictures while holding the bird, do not worry because the bird tame and well, the officer was very helpful to put the bird in our hands. And most kids love to feed the peacocks are white. Sister love it when a bunch of peacocks came, pecking food from the spoon in his hand.

Finished bird area, there Insectarium. Insektaria animals displayed so beautiful here, there are millions of butterflies and insects from around the world who are grouped according to the type and habitat. One of the highlights was a collection of preserved butterflies shaped like this painting. Good, yes?

Other rides are still featuring unique animals there Walking Animal, Animal Farm, Aquarium of the Araphaima and duck pond. If it is not out of line, each at 11 and 16 there is Bird Show, where we can see how birds such as hornbills and eagles prey instinctively, beautiful wings while flying, and can take pictures at the bird as well.

In addition to wildlife , plant diversity can also be seen here . Along the path to each vehicle , we will find a mini farm whose contents herbs and vegetable plants . If we get into a vehicle Learning Hydroponic Strawberry and Mushrooms , there I just see myself ' gudang'nya oyster mushrooms are low light and moist , it was not easy huh cultivate oyster mushrooms .

There is also Carnivor Garden , contents plants predators . Oh , yes horrified . We can also buy ornamental plants such as orchids , cacti , and others in the herbarium .

Other rides are no less fun also exist in the EGP . Among other Music Plaza , where there is a large pool with a variety of musical instruments made ​​from everyday items . Where we can play shooting water , when the water touches the tool will bring up the music sounds like .

There are also Water Track , the game that takes us down the current balance beams on the water . There is also a similar game in before the exit, Boom Boom Boat No Pest . Our story boat ride down the lake where there are statues pest shooting at us with water , on the contrary , we are also able to ' knock out ' them first by shooting them with a water gun in the boat . Unfortunately no one can escape from the water shots , so if you want to play this , make sure the wet ready - basahan yes .

In addition to water games , no Jungle Adventure . Likened us to save the forest from hunters greed depicted with statues carrying guns in the bush . Our job shooting the statues with laser pistol contained in the car that took us around the ' jungle ' . Very exciting !

Are also no less interesting , there are house upside . Sandy told the storm was so fierce to be able to reverse a house , so the house is usually at the bottom , it's all over . The living room , dining room , bedroom , kitchen , until room mandipun all upside down . It turns out in the house was also lost sensation in the glass room , hallways and unique paintings but reversed .

Create a relaxed - casual rides , there Dome Multimedia stories featuring performances Hanuman The *** . 15-minute 3D movie that tells Hanuman that saves the Earth ecosystems from destructive nature evil giant Ravana . Next to the cinema , there are Eco Jungle , but because here wahananya use electricity , we can not go out with wet clothes around the water .

Next we get into a vehicle Eco Science Learning Center . There is a wide screen and multimedia to explain how the earth , the earth's geology , and animated holograms how weather occurs in the earth . We can also feel some weather through simulation chambers such as wind , snow and earthquake .

Another learning vehicle for waste processing , vegetable farm , dairy processing , breeding birds , there are actually a total of about 25 rides in the EGP was tired but seeing the way for many hours and sore carrying children , not all of us entered .

Jatim Park 1 Malang

Stone Park East Java East Java Park is a new recreational vehicle, and education in the province of East Java. Located in the cool mountainous region of Malang. Now, do not need all the way to Surabaya in East Java as the center of activity for a vacation with challenging mountain atmosphere.

Java Park itself has a few recreational vehicle under the management of the Park East Java. Two recreational vehicle is on the rise today are Java and East Java Park 1 Park 2. Java Park 1 is a tourist attraction that combines the concept of matching education and tourism in one integrated location.

Java Park 1 precisely located in Kartika No way. Batu 2 which includes the eastern slopes of the mountain Panderman, with an area of ​​11 acres and reaches a height of 850m above sea level in the position to make a more refreshing tour.

To support the educational program launched by the government, Java Park 1 is equipped with a vehicle called Science Learning Gallery Stadium. The building can accommodate 300 students at a time. Completeness of applied science props there are indoor or outdoor. The existence of the tools is powered by PLN, Telkom, Rimba Raya, and a number of universities in East Java. With the combination is expected to be a means of disseminating information about the treasures of the natural sciences include Mathematics, Physics, Biology, and Chemistry.

Java Park 1 presents a one-stop service recreation. Simply put, Java Park 1 seeks to provide a variety of rides that can be enjoyed by the public, either domestic or foreign.

During the year 2012, the management of Java Park 1 adds four new rides such as Midi Skater, Airborne Shot, Robin Hood 3D, and Pendulum. The recreational vehicle not complain with a variety of rides at Fantasy World Ancol.


History Tours in East Java Park 1
As a vehicle for education and recreation, Java Park 1 provides a miniature historical events and culture of Indonesia. One is a miniature historic homes and Sunan Giri Youth Pledge.

A variety of Indonesian culture treasures placed in the gallery called Gallery Ethnic Culture Nusantara (GEN). This gallery displays culture like puppets, sculpture, traditional home of Papua, and gongs.


Vehicle to play in East Java Park 1
Vehicle to play, especially the children there are many choices eg rowing (Flum ride), playground, sky copter, star chase, flying tornado, walking animal and electric cars. Additionally adaempat new ride opened in 2012.

Here's a list of games that exist in Java Park 1:

Chemical and Biology Science Center Outdoor Science Center Learning Gallery Agro Park Prehistorical Scene Flumride and Mythologies Baby Zoo Playground Convoy Car Mini Jet Games Room Remote Car Wall Climbing Battery Car Trampoline Samba Ballon Sand Garden Gokart Children Mini Cross Area Star Chase Bumper Boat Ghost Mansion Columbus Mini Train Lazer Bumper Car Flying Tornado Spinning Coaster

Papua and East Java Ethnic Gallery Dragon Coaster 3D Ghost Haunter Funtastic Swimming Pool Water Boom Pipe House Fish Park Amphiteather Flying Fox Worm Coaster Sky Chopter Tourism Market Aero Test Mini Swinger Sky Swinger Bioskop 3D Ethnic Gallery History Park Numismatic Gallery Post Office Diorama Midi Skater Bouncy Castle Pendulum Air Borne Shot Volcano Coaster Flower Gallery Galaxy Bumper Car

there is a season ticket to get a cheaper price enjoy a variety of recreational vehicle provided. Season tickets are not valid for Go Kart rides, Stunt Arena, Games Room, pool equipment, Flying Fox, and Trampoline.


Opening Hours and Admission Prices (HTM) Java Park 1
Java Park 1 ready to serve tourists every day from 08:30 until 16:00. The price of admission (HTM) is Rp 50.000, - for Monday-Thursday and Rp 60.000, - for Friday-Sunday and public holidays. The price could change at any time especially during peak school holiday season.

Now, for those of you who live in Malang and surrounding areas do not need to be confused to find a challenging tourist spot, Java Park 1 jawannya. Java Park 1 add to the list in addition to tourist favorite in Malang East Java Park 2, Selecta and Taman Safari Indonesia 2 located in Pasuruan Prigen not far from Malang.

Batu Night Spectacular

Batu Night Spectacular - BNS is a new recreation area in Batu , precisely located in the village of Oro - Oro Ombo . BNS menuhu trips using private vehicles will take no more than 15 minutes from downtown . , If traffic conditions are smooth . As the name implies , Batu Night Spectacular is a tourist spot that can only be enjoyed family evenings , open from 15:00 until 24:00 . By having the operating hours at night , Batu Night Spectacular is an alternative to relieve tired of the burden of routine work or other activities that have been carried out during the day . It feels very much if I called BNS as the only family recreation that can be enjoyed at night around the city for Stone , for there are many games that can be enjoyed by visitors of all ages with a very low entrance fee , amounting to 10 thousand dollars for each person . Maybe this is his city disneyland Stone .

BNS itself serves a variety of games that can be enjoyed for all members of your family . There are dozens of rides that you can not forget her people like a ghost gallery , slalom test , the highest air bike , garden lanterns , and trampoline . In this wisataBNS object you can also test your adrenaline by trying some exciting rides , such as drag race , the mouse coaster , and some other games . Many vehicles are exclusively reserved for the children such as kids zone consisting of 25 kinds .

After enjoying various rides available in the area of ​​3 thousand square meters , you can fill the stomach while resting at a food center called Food Court . There are many options menu drinks maupaun food in this area . Just choose a cold or hot drink . As soon as the food . Many menus to choose conformity tastes . Pleasure in the food court is not just on the food menu or minumanya . But , also serving the dibeerikan when visitors enjoy food and drinks . In the midst of enjoying the meal , Batu BNS management will present show time . There is a stage musical that presents the music or traditional art . and at the height of show time , you will see only one show that is in ndonesia , the Dancing Fountain . Fountains dancing accompaniment of colorful lights game was able to force the visitor 's eyes fixed on the water canting . This fountain looks pretty good at dancing to the song rebound . Of instrumental songs , pop rock , dangdut koplo . Satisfied watching the dance of the fountains , the end was treated to performances using widescreen longest in Indonesia. This show gives sensation for visitors . With a screen 50 feet above us .

When Accompany Happy Holiday Visiting BNS

One seat rides to Fly

Battle Arena

Battle Arena is an arena that is similar to soft water gun, it's just here to use the laser. With 30 thousand tickets / person, team number 10 (5 opponent 5) in 15 minutes. And by the time the game was over, each participant will get statiskik gamd match for each participant.

Here we took time to play during the process of shooting a laser war Widescreen Film "I Want to Be President" Together the Best Director, 2010 "Benni Setiawan"

greenhouse

One free rides contained in BNS. It's just that the greenhouse is quite small, but what's wrong to try to

Garden lanterns

Garden lanterns this is probably the only vehicle in Indonesia, although the idea of adopting foreign ideas. Here are able to enjoy the beauty of colorful lanterns, my suggestion there should be a high quality when using the camera where you visit this vehicle.

Ticket price of Rp. 10.000, -

Go Cart Track

Next is a go-kart rides that exist in BNS. I advise you to not try to ride it because of the speed of go carts can not be driven up to expectations driver. Still, I posted about a vehicle go cart BNS contained in this

Go Cart Track (Photo taken from corner garden lanterns)